Ed Tignor :
I set up 4 TB drives as a 3TB RAID 5 on Ubuntu.
This is not clear. Are you using a single drive with 4 partitions in RAID5?
As stated by the other poster, backup any data you don't want to loose. And if you are using a single drive in your RAID5, then backup everything.
To actually answer your question, if you lost Ubuntu, you can boot from a live media or simply reinstall the OS to access your RAID. Ubuntu uses md for software RAID. The config file is stored in /etc/mdadm.conf or /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf. The config file is only used to start your RAID automatically so it is no big deal if you loose it. Each device in your RAID5 will contain metadata (stored in the superblock) about the RAID so you can easily start it manually by specifying each device.
You can do "man mdadm" or search for mdadm in your favorite browser for more reading.