Configuring multiple drives in the bios?

justyermama

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Apr 23, 2013
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I'm a bit intimidated by my new computer's bios (motherboard: Gigabyte GA-MA785GM-US2H). I know that's not so new, but it is considering the last computer I had, had an intel 865g chipset, and I think the bios was last updatable in 2004. Not sure. At any rate, after going into the bios, I am still somewhat confused. In addition to an esata drive that I have (configured as a slave drive), internally the computer had a western digital 320 gig hard drive and I installed 2 drives each with a terabyte, and then a 300 gigabyte IDE drive as well. I wasn't really considering a raid configuration. I was going to dual boot and install two operating systems on the 300 gig drives and keep the data separate on the tb drives. And then I was going to use the Esata drive to do back ups. Not sure. I did make two changes in the bios. I enabled the IDE channel and changed the onboard chip on sata port 4 & 5 to "sata type" from IDE. I'm a little embarrassed but I don't really KNOW what I'm doing and I'm not sure how to configure things. I noticed that the SATA drives were in AHCI mode (before the option available for port 4 & 5 to be changed from IDE). Not sure if this is clear. But any ideas or information would be helpful to me about this system and a good configuration. Thank you!
 
Solution
I don't have anything big to "correct". But I'll offer a couple comments FYI.

You have used RAID0 in the past and benefited. Personally, I am not a fan of RAID0 because of its risks, but ALSO because regular HDD's, especially SATA II (now called SATA 3.0 Gb/s) are so fast that the performance gain from RAID0 is much less than it used to be. In fact, the original SATA drives (1.5 Mb/s port max speed) could not saturate even that original port max speed. Only recently have we had new SATA HDD's that actually can exceed the data transfer rate of 1.5 Gb/s. Even those are just fine on SATA II (3.0 Gb/s) ports because they will never exceed that speed.

The old guideline of not putting an HDD and a CD drive "on the same channel" does not...

Paperdoc

Polypheme
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OK, let's go step by step.

1. I don't understand your statement that the eSATA unit is configured as a "Slave drive". There is a LOT of misunderstanding of the terms Master and Slave. They a related ONLY to IDE ports and cables, NOT to SATA or eSATA. They are used only because IDE ports can support up to TWO devices on one port and cable, and so those two need to be identified separately. Thus on EACH IDE port there MUST be one Master device if it is to work at all, and there MAY be a Slave device, too. If there's a second IDE port, it also MUST have one Master and MAY have one Slave. There is NO such thing as a Master drive for the whole machine, plus slaves! The whole machine normally DOES have one BOOT drive and others for data, but it is possible (as OP has planned) to have more than one Bootable drive.

Now, IF you actually have an external enclosure connected to your machine by an eSATA cable, AND the drive inside it actually is an IDE type, then you do need to set the jumper on the IDE drive inside. HOWEVER, read your directions carefully, because I bet it MUST be set as a Master - after all, it is the ONLY drive on the IDE port INSIDE the external case. But I would guess that this is NOT your situation. So I'm still left not understanding how you could configure an eSATA drive as a Slave.

2. I am assuming that, aside from the 300 GB unit that is IDE, all your other drives are SATA. This would suggest that the IDE HDD is the ONLY drive on that port and cable. Hence its jumper should be set to Master (with no Slave present, if that's a separate choice), and it ought to be connected to the END (Black) connector on the ribbon cable.

3. There are two basic ways to set up dual boot options. One is to do as anonymous1 has done. You install ONE drive only in your machine, then Install a version of Windows on it. You remove that drive, replace is with another, and Install a different Windows on the second. You might even repeat for a third. When done, you re-install all the drives. NOW, whenever you boot up, you FIRST go into BIOS Setup directly and set which drive you want as the boot device, and it boots that drive's version of Windows. However, that means the that particular drive will be C:, and your other drives will have other letters assigned. But when you boot into a different Windows from a different drive, all your HDD's will get different letter names.

The other more common way is to let Windows do the work for you. BUT you must do it in a particular order. You must Install the OLDEST version of Windows FIRST. After it is all done, you can Install a different NEWER version of Windows (on the same HDD or a different one) AND you must tell the Install routine you want it to create the Dual Boot system. It will detect the older version and set up an automatic menu system. When the Install is complete and you go to boot, EVERY time it will stop at a menu and ask you which Windows you want to boot, and it will do as you say. This way keeps drive letter naming more clear and stable. I have NOT heard, though, of anyone who used such a technique to set up a TRIPLE boot option - I don't know if that can be done.

4. Given your plans, you will need to ensure in BIOS Setup that you have Enabled the IDE port(s), the SATA port(s), and the eSATA port.

5. In BIOS Setup there is a line for something like SATA Port Mode, with options like "IDE Emulation", "Native SATA", "AHCI", and RAID". You do NOT need to use the RAID option for your plans. The real device type for SATA drives is AHCI and that should be the setting for SATA ports in most circumstances. (In fact, many mobos do not show you a separate setting for "Native SATA".)

The "IDE Emulation" setting is for a particular situation. Win XP (in all its versions) does NOT know how to use an AHCI device, but it does have a "built-in driver" for IDE devices. When mobos started to use SATA drives, that became a problem. There are two solutions for it. One is to use a method that Windows Install has had for a long time: you must add in the proper missing driver for the drive device type you plan to use to boot from, reading it in from a floppy drive. Then the Install process AND the Win XP you install DOES have an AHCI driver it CAN use to access that drive type BOTH for booting and for running. Alternatively, you can set your SATA Port Mode to "IDE Emulation", and then you do NOT need to add a special driver. With that setting, your BIOS will intervene and limit the SATA drive to only the functions of an IDE unit, making it appear to Windows to be just that, and Win XP (and its Install routine) already know how to use IDE devices!

NOTE that this problem is NOT an issue for Vista, Win7, or Win 8 - they all have the IDE driver AND the AHCI driver "built in" so the don't need the BIOS to intervene in this manner. So, IF you are using any Windows AFTER Win XP, you should set your SATA Port Mode to AHCI and let Windows use the full functions of those devices.

In your case, OP, even if you want to install Win XP, you could just make sure to do that on the 300 GB IDE HDD you have. Then AFTER it is installed you will need to install the AHCI driver for your mobo in Windows XP (just once, usually from the CD that came with your mobo - read your mobo manual! - just like any other device driver) so it can use your SATA drives. In this sequence, Win XP loads itself from the IDE device it knows how to handle, and then, after it is running, it automatically loads the device drivers it needs from that same HDD (including the AHCI drivers) so it can use all its devices - all a perfectly normal process we don't even notice.

Check your mobo manual for another item. No matter which version of Windows you install, you may have to install from the mobo's CD the driver for the eSATA port. If you install two or three Windows, you might have to do this for each one.

 

justyermama

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Apr 23, 2013
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Thank you so much Paperdoc for the detailed answers. I am frustrated because I have a little knowledge of computers, but not near as much as I want to know. They fascinate me, but none of my friends share my interest. In 1990, I bought the first computer in town with an internal hard drive. It had like 40 megs on it. However, I have financial priorities that have not allowed me to indulge very much in my "wannabe" hobby.

Ok, step by step, I picked my computer up down the street at a thrift store similar to a goodwill for $100. It was clean and new but white, and plain. I had been desperately trying at home to make the most out of an old Gateway (Intel Chipset 865g, 2.8 gigahertz, 4 gigs ram, Gateway MOBO). On that pc, I had an external drive hooked up thru a usb port and the enclosure had an esata connection as well. Anyway, the "plain" white computer didn't look like it had been used and even tho it had the same amount of ram as my dinosaur at home and ran at 2.8 ghz., I KNEW purchasing it, would be a VERY good upgrade. The computer came with an 320 western digital sata hard drive. As soon as I opened the case, I knew I could rest a little bit more comfortably because I will finally be able to install a decent graphics card. My system in 2000 had 2 80 gig drives and I had a raid 0 configuration. It worked wonderfully for me and NEVER did fail me. The Gateway actually ran 3 operating systems and I used two internal hard drives before I purchased this, so YES I TRIPLE booted and it worked FINE! I partitioned one of the terabyte drives and installed an operating system on each partition. That computer would not boot from a USB device. This is going to work out nice I hope because that $100 purchase is going to give my 12 year old son his own computer.

Ok, I do not open up the case of a computer often enough for me to be really comfortable with it. I have added memory, graphic cards, sound cards, etc. which have required me to go into the bios and to enable or disable onboard items or changed the boot order, blah blah. This was my actual first time of installing hard drives internally by myself and I didn't think I needed to put a lot of thought into it. I installed 2 Sata TB drives and 1 300 Gig IDE drive. This time I will not be sharing this computer with my kids. I noticed when I booted up the first boot screen flashed and I saw a Sata drive listed as a slave. When I went into the bios there was a whole menu for "tweaking". Anyway, so I am sure that this is a step up and I can't wait to upgrade the processor, but one thing at a time. I had also read that your hard drive should not run on the same channel as your dvd rom. So this was a concern as well. I did some looking and the "slave"drive that I was seeing was the Esata drive and when I looked further I noticed it ran on the same channel as the Dvd burner. I have installed Win 7 profession on the IDE drive which I connected it using the gray cable because there was already a hard drive hooked up when I installed it and I saw no reason for it to be a Master. So see, I really don't "understand". I have the Home Premium version installed on the Western Digital drive that came with the system because Linux was pre-installed and I couldn't get around the password to log on. I kind of thought it might be a kick to learn Linux. Maybe later....

Anyway, Win 7 has this awesome Boot manager now!. I begin the installation of my second OS on the other drive from the screen unless I am going to create partitions. I install the operating system and WA-LA there is a boot manager giving me the option to boot from any of my OS's and I say that because I have had 3 of them installed before! I have to change the default boot os from the bios or use Windows 7 Manager a really nice little management program. Hope this is clear.

Anyway, I am dual-booting....I think it is working ok. I'm not really sure if it's configured optimally in the bios. But I don't think there are any conflicts. I have enabled AHCI, IDE channels, and if something should be another way in your estimation, or if you have any ideas or concerns about how I have done this, please....feel free.....Thanks so much!
 

Paperdoc

Polypheme
Ambassador
I don't have anything big to "correct". But I'll offer a couple comments FYI.

You have used RAID0 in the past and benefited. Personally, I am not a fan of RAID0 because of its risks, but ALSO because regular HDD's, especially SATA II (now called SATA 3.0 Gb/s) are so fast that the performance gain from RAID0 is much less than it used to be. In fact, the original SATA drives (1.5 Mb/s port max speed) could not saturate even that original port max speed. Only recently have we had new SATA HDD's that actually can exceed the data transfer rate of 1.5 Gb/s. Even those are just fine on SATA II (3.0 Gb/s) ports because they will never exceed that speed.

The old guideline of not putting an HDD and a CD drive "on the same channel" does not really apply anymore. First of all, of course, it only applied to IDE channels that could have two devices on one channel - it is not relevant to SATA at all. But secondly, modern HDD's, optical drives and their mobo controller chips are pretty good at optimizing communication with each device separately. A slow Slave no longer causes the entire channel to run slowly. Now, it IS true that when ANY two devices share one IDE channel, each may operate more slowly than if the channel had only one device. (For example, the machine I'm using has two IDE channels and I have two optical burners of the IDE type (and no other IDE devices), so I put each of them on a separate IDE channel.) The only advice pertaining to HDD and optical drives sharing one IDE channel is: on SOME (not all) systems, the HDD should be the Master and the optical the Slave, only because SOME early optical drives did not do the Master functions well. (In most cases, current hardware does not have even this problem.)

Since you have an older machine, you MAY have run into a confusing set of labels in the way the BIOS tells you things. In many early machines that had both IDE and SATA ports, the two IDE ports were called Channel 0 (Master and Slave possible) and Channel 1 (Master and Slave). Then the SATA ports - often 4 of them - were NOT called SATA. They were called Channel 2 (Master), Channel 3 (Master), etc. as if they were IDE ports, too. Note the clue - since these are SATA ports, there is NO Slave on those Channels because SATA does not support two devices per "channel".
 
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