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CPU: Intel Core i3-3220 3.3GHz Dual-Core Processor ($120.98 @ Amazon)
Motherboard: MSI B75MA-P45 Micro ATX LGA1155 Motherboard ($64.99 @ Amazon)
Memory: Crucial Ballistix sport 16GB (2 x 8GB) DDR3-1600 Memory ($99.99 @ Amazon)
Storage: Seagate Barracuda 1.5TB 3.5" 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive ($77.99 @ NCIX US)
Case: NZXT Gamma Classic (Black) ATX Mid Tower Case ($34.99 @ Newegg)
Power Supply: Corsair Professional 650W 80 PLUS Bronze Certified ATX12V / EPS12V Power Supply ($99.99 @ Newegg)
Total: $498.93
(Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available.)
(Generated by PCPartPicker 2013-05-14 01:15 EDT-0400)
You wont be needing a graphics card (i think) since you wont be playing minecraft on it anyway. Youll only be hosting.
I chose 16gb of ram for now since there will only be a few (5-15 people) wholl lokely visit your server for now, assuming youre still starting out. Once you become popular, get the same kit (2x8) and you're all set.
1.5 TB is a lot of space for your map. Especially considering that this is purely for hosting. I recommend getting linux so because its 10x faster than windows and its also free.
Now the core i3 is great. Since servers only use 1 core, two is more than enough. I think hyperthreading will help the server run smoother (I THINK).
The case is just a house for your server. Doesnt need to be flashy. Hell, you could make your own if you wanted. Or just a use spare lying around in your house.
PSU is overkill, it's corsair, its 80+bronze, 'nuff said. I think overkill is good since youll be running the server 24/7. If youre starting out, i wouldnt really recommend going 24/7 since its a waste of electricity. Instead, do 12/7 and save up for a water cooling system if you plan on going 24/7. Water cooling kits will cost around 100-400$.
So theres your build. Hope thos fits your needs and good luck with your server.