What wires do the hard drives really use

squareenixx

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Feb 6, 2011
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Well it is obvious that 2.5 inch drives operate only on 5 volts and the proof is their ability to run from a USA cable alone.
Also when connected to a SATA power cable my guess is that there is no internal workings on the PCB for the yellow 12 volt, Sure the whole plug connects but the yellow 12 volt is really connected to nothing.

Then we have the 3.5 inch hard drives. As I understand it they require both the 5 volt and the 12 volt wires. That is a damn large requirement compared to the 2.5 inch drive. I guess they typically spin 1800 rpm faster and the platter being 12.25 square inches compared to the 2.5 being only 6.25 square inches.

But even after all that. Shouldn't 12 volts be enough since as far as I am aware no hard drive will use more than 40 watts at peak operation. That is a piece of cake for the 12 volt line. So why is the 5 volt needed. I hear that the PCB and other small parts use the 5 volt and the motor uses the 12 volt. Is that true. I guess that makes sense.
 
The +12V supply is used by the motor controller IC to power the motor and the voice coil.

The +5V supply is converted to several lower voltages. Typically these are +2.5V or +3.3V for the SDRAM, flash memory, and the MCU's Vio rail, plus a Vcore supply (~ 1.2V) for the MCU core. There is usually also a negative supply (eg -5V) for the preamp on the headstack inside the HDA.

Tutorial - Linear and Switchmode Regulators used in HDDs:
http://malthus.zapto.org/viewtopic.php?f=59&t=231