Let's see, PS3 and XBox 360 are pushing about 10 years old. 10 years ago you could have built a PC that came close to matching the performance of consoles, it has only gotten worse since.
But the most important thing to understand is that with a single system to design for you can optimize software to run specificially on the hardware. With PCs it is more generalized, and why cross platform games tend to run better or look better on the 'sponsoring' system. As previously mentioned, current consoles target 720p at 30Hz, whereas 1080p or higher at 60hz is the target for most PC gamers. This is why the Xbox 360 and PS3 can still run modern titles.
The new Xbox and PS4 are going to target 1080p at 60hz and some developers are going to stick with 30hz so that they can turn all the graphics settings up. Just in time for 4k televisions to come out, so basically obsolete in a few years. Whereas PCs are are already pushing out 1440p at 120 or 144Hz for extreme systems, or triple display. In a few years this will be commonplace while the next gen consoles are running 1080.
All that said. The rough statistics for the PS4 and XBox One come close to mid range PC equipment available now. With economy of scale, and even a little price subsidizing, console makers can leverage that to make their system fairly cheap in terms of performace/cost. So building an equivalent system for the same price is difficult, but by spending a little more you can easily build a system better then a console on release day, let alone ten years down the road.