of course you can. I have 6 drives, four are 2tb or larger, in my server and its a few years old runs a standard pc desktop board (amd 970 chipset, athlon2 x2 cpu) all running on the chipset sata ports.
Check your manufacturers support page to see if your supports drives larger that 2tb. You might want to read notes on the available bios updates for your board too and see if its mentioned there. Most boards support the larger drives but in order to boot from a drive that is larger than 2.2tb your motherbd has to have an efi or uefi bios plus the hdd has to be in GPT format.