Good explaination of FSB
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-side_bus
For systems prior to SandyBridge.
Basically You have a frequency generator which ran at 133 Mhz upto about 400+ Mhz . You could change the base clock, ie if it was 133 you could change it to 200.
1) This was used as a base freq for Pci/pci-e Bus (required to be approx 100 Mhz - so had base clock had to be divided down)
2) Then applied to CPU which used a frequency multiplier to obtain CPU speed
3) And for Ram is a different multiplier was used to set Memory speed.
... When the Memory multiplier is an whole number it is runing in Synchronous mode
and when in fractions (ie 4::5) it is running in Asynchronous mode, Synchronous better than Asynchronous - Newer systems No real diff.
This was changed when Sandy bridge came out.
The Base frequence (Bclock) is pretty much set to 100 Mhz. This is the speed for the PCI bus While it can be changed The pci bus becomes unstable if you change it more than about 5 MHz).
.. The Cpu then uses this "set" bclock and a CPU multiplier for CPU Speed.
.. Memory uses a multiplier to obtain it's speed- Not always an even number multipier.