To expound on the previous answer, It varies widely with how new the motherboard is and what CPU you're trying to swap in. about 99% of the time you can swap in another CPU of the same family even on an OEM board, some OEM boards will let you go up a family or two from the stock CPU, but usually only with BIOS updates (which are often not available). If you're trying to go from one Northwood P4 to a faster Northwood P4, this will almost always work, but trying to put a Prescott P4 in the same board will not always work (board to board basis). It's all about what the boards chipset can/is updated to support.