Anything is possible... someone could have taped the standoffs just to add extra insulation or to fix a previous problem. You could tape the standoffs again to see if it makes a difference. You could also remove the spare PSU and replace the previous one.. it may be the spare PSU wasn't in good condition an is causing the problem.
Also, depending on how you removed the dust, if it was done inappropriately it's possible you caused Electrostatic Discharge Damage. It should be done using air only, to prevent touching the components with anything that can cause Electrostatic Discharge. It's adviseable to use a compressed air can or a compressor at low pressure, and only after removing the BIOS battery, and pressing the power button for at least a minute to drain residual power from capacitors.
To see if the standoffs were taped for a reason, try breadboarding the computer to see if excluding the case helps it boot: First of all, draw a diagram of the front panel connections to the motherboard header so you'll know which two motherboard header pins connect to the power switch, and also to re-connect the front panel connectors when you move the motherboard back to the case. Next extract all the components from the case and assemble them on a cardboard or woodboard. To power the breadboarded computer, connect the PSU to a power outlet, and switch the computer on by making contact with a small screwdriver or appropriate metal object between the two pins that connect to the Power Switch... a IDE device jumper can be used if you have one, and you're quick enough to attach and remove it a second later.
If it doesn't boot, the only way to know which component is causing the problem, is to test them on a compatible computer if one is available. The first to check would be both PSUs, next would be to try a compatible CPU on the motherboard.