Short-circuits can't be fixed, they're literally the circuits dying, because either current went where it shouldn't or too much power was provided in an instant.
Unless you have a Hot-swap ready machine, in which the drives slide in and out of 5.25 inch bays (generally), don't ever attempt to touch components while the computer is running. Only the ports outside your computer (except power cable, obviously) can be disconnected while the computer is running.
Do what lonewolf7 said to see if the motherboard survived, or you'll need a new one.