ok. i'll buy your cpu hit 80C and then failed. In reality it's probably closer to the 75C your socket temp is reporting. so lets go with the lower end of my working hypothesis of your cpu temp really being reported as +5C too high. 75C is at the high end for a temp failure. Atleast we now know where your cpu fails, and at what temps.
Frankly your NH-D14 is performing fantastic with a 1.5000V core... so lets work on this overclock a bit alright?
get a note pad, and write down the vcore and multiplier settings that successfully work as you go. you need to learn your cpu.
go into your bios and reset everything to stock settings. save and restart. This overclock will be a quick and dirty just to establish where you chip wants to go. there is a lot of other things you can do if you want to go nuts with this overclock. at the moment i want to find what volts your cpu actually needs for what speeds.
Turn on LLC, change your cpu multiplier to manual, turn the vcore to manual, set the vcore at the stock vcore for a 8350 at 1.3500V, now bump your cpu multiplier up +0.5, save and restart, see if the computer will load into windows. if it does, restart the machine, and bump your multiplier by another +0.5, keep doing the above until the computer fails to POST or fails to load into windows (it probably will fail to load into windows before it fails to post... but who knows?). if you fail to post, don't worry, after 3 failed posts, your motherboard will reset your bios back to stock settings, just remember to set everything back to your last successful posting settings, and restart, make sure you can still post to windows.
We now know you need to start to add vcore, so what we're going to do is add vcore to get your cpu prime stable. Bump your vcore by .0125V, restart, see if you can load into windows. If you can't bump it by another .0125... if you can load up prime and see if you crash (you may or may not... we'll see). if you crash back to windows, a core fails, the computer freezes and locks up or you black screen reset your cpu is still undervolted. Keep an eye on your cpu's temps as well, you'll notice as temps get higher the cpu will get more unstable and need more vcore to stabilize, which of course will make your cpu unstable. basically once you start to add vcore you are nearing the end of the overclock (or atleast its on the horizon, depends on the chip).
So once you have found the vcore needed to keep the cpu running through a few passes of prime, and there are no serious heat issues and your vcore is still under 1.45V (1.45V-1.5V is generally the safe max on air cooling for a fx cpu, to put more vcore into the chip you either need a seriously magical chip that has no heat issues for magic reasons, or a custom water loop) you will go back into the bios and bump the multiplier up another +0.5. load into windows and run prime95 for a few passes. if the cpu makes it, jump back into the bios and bump your multiplier up another +0.5, continue the cycle of bumping multiplier, plus running a few passes of prime and maybe when it crashes bumping vcore until it can run prime.
When your vcore reaches 1.45V (or more) and your temps are breaking 70C when running prime, you've reached the end of your overclocking with that chip. There are more things you can do to squeeze more performance out of your system (such as playing with your FSB/Cpu frequency) but i'm just doing a quick and dirty here to find the "near" limits of your cpu. if you're unhappy with the result, i'll walk you through FSB overclocking and perhaps your FX will respond better to that instead.