6 Gbps SATA is SATA 3 (Third-generation SATA). I think what you are calling SATA 3 is actually SATA 2 (Second-generation SATA), which runs at 3 Gbps.
As far as differences in performance, a standard mechanical hard drive wouldn't notice the difference, since it couldn't fully load a SATA 2 connection, much less a SATA 3 connection. A solid-state drive, on the other hand, would have a large drop in performance on a SATA 2 connection due to it being many times faster than a mechanical hard drive.
Casey