This is by no means a comprehensive list, I'm sure there are some I've left out. Personal preference plays into many of the choices as well, but you'll see lots of overlap in any other posted lists.
CPU: assuming you mean x86: intel, AMD...umm...Cyrix? lol
Motherboard: Asrock, Asus, Gigabyte
RAM : Gskill, Corsair, Patriot
PSU: Seasonic, pretty much period. Other brands that's are actually Seasonic built, such as XFX, Upper end Corsairs, etc.
Case: Fractal, Antec, Corsair, Zalman, Rosewill (Newegg's house brand)
SSD: Samsung, Sandisk, Crucial, Intel
HDD: western digital, Seagate.
Cooling: assuming you mean air cooling, Noctua, Scythe, Zalman, Cooler Master
Video card: Sapphire, Asus, Evga,Gigabyte. Zotac is a newer company but is establishing a good rep.
Monitor: Asus, BenQ for 1080p, any number of Korean manufacturer's that use the LG A, A- IPS panels for 2560x1440 (Acheiva, Yamakasi, Crossover, Potalion, etc.....Auria @ microcenter in the states)
Mouse: the mouse is such a personal thing, it's hard to recommend for a particular person, even if you know whether they use a palm, claw, or fingertip grip. Good mouse brands are logitech's gaming series, Steelseries, most of Razer's lineup, Anker, Aula, Roccat
***I'd like to add that the type of mousing surface is nearly as important as the mouse itself. cloth, plastic, aluminum, etc all react differently with different mice. the coarseness of the grain on plastic/aluminum surfaces also makes a large difference in control/speed and negative tracking as well.
keyboard: same caveat's as mouse, but usual suspects are Logitech G series, Razer, steelseries. If you like the mechanical cherry switches you can add a few more companies to that list, including Rosewill.
Speakers: Klipsch, Logitech's upper end.
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