In terms of general overall performance the average increase based on combination of various applications, games and synthetic (least reliable) benchmarks by generation is as follows (assuming the same clockspeed):
1st gen Nehalem (Bloomfield / Lynnfield) -> 2nd gen Sandy Bridge = 12%
2nd gen Sandy Bridge -> 3rd gen Ivy Bridge = 6%
3rd gen Ivy Bridge -> 4th gen Haswell = 6%
Overall performance increase from 1st -> 4th gen = ~26%