Hi,
Windows 8 takes a bit of getting used to. There's two intuitive ways to find what you're looking for
1. Search. Press the Windows key to bring up the start menu and start typing the name of whatever it is that you're looking for. Windows 8.1 improves on this quite a bit, it's my go-to way of finding things
2. Bring up the apps view by pressing the downward facing arrow at the bottom of the start menu. This is closer to the traditional start menu. If you prefer this menu to the start menu (as I do) you can enable it by default by right clicking on the task bar and selecting properties -> navigation -> "Show the apps view automatically when I go to start". You may also want to enable the "search everywhere" option directly below it.
Alternatively, you can pin commonly used applications to the taskbar directly by right clicking on them when they are running and selecting "Pin this program to taskbar". Do this with your favourite web browser at least.