If i get a psu with 4 +12V rails at 20A each and i get a graphics card, like the GTX 780, and it requires 42A on the +12V rail, will that psu be able to properly support and power the graphics card?
Also, read the link in my sig below, i covered multirail vs single rail a while ago, it really doesn't matter, a PCI-E GPU shouldn't be consuming more than 25A total, 6.25A of which will come from the motherboard via the PCI-E slot. Your PSU has one set of PCI-e connectors on 12V2 and the other two on 12V4. The GTX 780 has a power draw of 250W(20.83A) so even if you use two connectors from the same rail the motherboard is picking up some of that load on a separate rail and you will be perfectly fine, it is an intelligently laid out PSU.
You will get the molex adapters with the graphics card so you can split the power over 2 or more rails. Each rail will share the load. So you PSU will power the card.
If i get a psu with 4 +12V rails at 20A each and i get a graphics card, like the GTX 780, and it requires 42A on the +12V rail, will that psu be able to properly support and power the graphics card?
If the multi +12V rail PSU is properly designed you don't need to worry about it.
What is the specific brand and model of the PSU that you are considering?
Also, read the link in my sig below, i covered multirail vs single rail a while ago, it really doesn't matter, a PCI-E GPU shouldn't be consuming more than 25A total, 6.25A of which will come from the motherboard via the PCI-E slot. Your PSU has one set of PCI-e connectors on 12V2 and the other two on 12V4. The GTX 780 has a power draw of 250W(20.83A) so even if you use two connectors from the same rail the motherboard is picking up some of that load on a separate rail and you will be perfectly fine, it is an intelligently laid out PSU.