These kids are spoiled and foolish if they think that you can't build a perfectly functional Gaming Tower for under $500. First off I'd like to say that your initial build will not have all the bells and whistles, so to speak. You'll have to start off small and leave your self some room for future upgrades. I saw you mention that your wiggle room is up to $800, but you said $400 at first so I'll aim for $600. Something important when you're on a tight budget is to shop around for your parts and find the best prices. I recently built my self a desktop that i spent $160 on and I can run all of the latest games. Some of them on low settings, but i don't give a fuck as long as it runs them smoothly. I also had a case, a video card, and hard drives already so that cut my cost quite a bit.
I'd recommend going with AMD since you're on a tight budget.
Processor: FX-6350 Average price: $140 on Tiger direct
Memory: 8 GB 1600 C9 2x4GB Average price: $80
Case: Z20-4010 Zalman Z9 Plus ATX Mid Tower Case Price: $66.17 on Tiger Direct. Chosen for the fan controller, temp readout, and 4x 120mm fans.
CPU Cooler: Any $30 cooler master cpu cooler will do.
Motherboard: A455-9701 ::ASUS M5A97 LE R2.0 Price: $85 on Tiger direct
Power Supply: Ultra LSP550 550-Watt Price: $35 on Tiger direct
Hard drive: WD Blue 1TB Drive Price: $70 on Tiger direct
GPU: GIGABYTE GV-R775OC-1GI Radeon HD 7750 Price: $80 on Tiger direct
Total: $600 Shipped
Oh and I'd Pirate my OS, but that's just me. You can buy Windows 8 for about $85 if you want. Which after you shop around and cut your costs will still keep you under $600.
After a few months if you have some more cash you can feel free to upgrade by adding a bit more RAM, Upgrading your video card or grabbing another one to crossfire it, adding another hard drive, and eventually grabbing a new processor. Especially once AMD comes out with their next gen of AM3+ processors.
Guaranteed these are not at all the best prices that you can get for these items. Spend a week looking at craigslist, ebay, and google to find the best prices for these items or comparable items. There is nothing wrong with some used RAM in a new system(especially when most RAM comes with lifetime manufacturer replacement). I'm also confident that you can find better prices for your Motherboard, CPU, Video Card, and Hard drive. I'd stick with a brand new Power supply from a trusted source though. I personally cut all my costs on my system by 41% just by shopping around. Good luck. Hope this helped.