Well, what was the old PSU, what is the new PSU and what did you install in your rebuilt PC?
A well-designed PSU should be able to gracefully handle most typical faults so if yours exploded, it was either of sub-par quality or had a spectacular malfunction. In most cases, protection circuitry in the PSU and on the motherboard will prevent most damage and the PC will work fine once you put a known-good PSU with adequate rating in.