What does overclocking do?

Linnaeus

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Mar 8, 2014
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Specifically regarding a CPU, GPU, and RAM, why do you need overclock those? Does overclocking the GPU increase the frames per second of games and CPU the overall performance of the computer? What about RAM? I was also wondering what overclocking does to the motherboard. Does one need to have a high quality motherboard in order to overclock? Lastly, what is bottlenecking?

I know these are all newbie questions but I need clarification since I've been looking for a precise answer over the internet.