PWM Issues on Gigabyte GA-Z87X-UD4H Motherboards

jFiveNYC

Reputable
Mar 28, 2014
142
0
4,760
This is regarding the 4-pin PWM fan headers on certain Gigabyte motherboards, specifically the GA-Z87X-UD4H.

After some poking and prodding it has become apparent that Gigabyte has goofed on the handling of PWM fan control relating to the environmental (fan) control chip. The 4-pin headers are the CPU_OPT, SYS_FAN1, SYS_FAN2, and SYS_FAN3 on the GA-Z87X-UD4H. Know that the CPU_OPT is mostly for pumps but it should by design, function as the others. The CPU_FAN is the only properly functioning PWM fan header. SYS_FAN4 is a 3-pin, variable voltage header.

PWM fans operate by receiving a constant 12 volts applied to the fan. Variations in RPMs are achieved by varying the PWM signal pulses sent from the fan control chip. Traditional non-PWM fans operate by varying the voltage sent to the fan, about 4-12 volts is typical in this application. The fourth pin, which carries the PWM signal, does receive approximately 5V at any given time during my testing. But I do not have access to an oscilloscope to test signal pulses.

Unfortunately, it seems that Gigabyte or ITE Tech has incorrectly engineered or coded this method, since the only header to receive a constant 12V is the CPU_FAN header. All other 4-pin headers operate by varying the voltage, hence not operating properly with PWM but by varying the voltage. This is true regardless if the PWM is sent to pin #4.

Most anyone using PWM fans would not notice the difference between the two methods. Nothing would be apparent to raise the issue. I realize this renders the issue moot but I freaking need to know because I'm a maniac.


Could someone else confirm...

- by using a scope, whether or not a PWM signal is being generated and/or applied to the fourth pin? If yes, does it fluctuate if manipulated by software; either Gigabyte's EasyTune-Smart Fan or Amico's SpeedFan?

- that other boards from this series or others from Gigabyte also operate in the same manner?

This voltage is very easy to discern if you have a multimeter, almost any will do the trick. If you have a spare or are willing to sacrifice a 4-pin cable with connector by exposing the raw wires or leads.

Carefully clip to the 12V and ground/common leads from the 4-pin header. Be sure the two do not touch while the PSU is on and at least powered off for 5 minutes. You could pop a fuse on your mobo. Confirm that you have selected MANUAL/PWM fan control in your BIOS. Boot to OS and fire up your favorite fan control software. Does the voltage change while changing the PWM percentage value?




Here are some details copied from the datasheet for the ITE Tech IT8728F chip that Gigabyte has chosen for the GA-Z87X-UD*H series motherboards.

IT8728F
Environment Control – Low Pin Count Input / Output
(EC - LPC I/O)

Fan Speed Controller
− Provides fan on-off and PWM control
− Supports 5 programmable Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) outputs
− 256 steps of PWM mode
− Monitors 5 fan tachometer inputs
− Provides fan close-loop control

The Fan Speed Controller can control up to five fan speeds through five separate 256 steps of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) output pins and monitor up to five FANs’ Tachometer inputs.

 
A width Modulated Pulse may appear as a reduced DC voltage if measured on the DC voltage setting of a Multimeter. You need an oscilloscope to actually 'see' the pulses.
Fans that run by PWM can also run by varying (5-12V) voltage. PWM is more power efficient.

If yo're convinced that you're right, then put the mobo in for RMA. I gather since its and 87 series then its new enough.
 

jFiveNYC

Reputable
Mar 28, 2014
142
0
4,760


Ah yes, PWM fans can which is why I said..." Most anyone using PWM fans would not notice the difference between the two methods."



Correct you are, which is why I noted..."The fourth pin, which carries the PWM signal, does receive approximately 5V at any given time during my testing. But I do not have access to an oscilloscope to test signal pulses."
 
The pinout is:
Pin Function Wire Color
1 GND Black
2 12 V Yellow
3 Sense Green
4 Control Blue


So if the fan connector has 4 pins on the mobo then it is a pwm connector.

You can't tell whether the pwm is working without an oscilloscope. As the pwm duty cycle is decreased, the 12V voltage should also be decreased - so that the connector works the same whether or not there's pwm fan connected. The pwm voltage remains at 12V but is switched on and off - Pulse Width Modulation - not amplitude modulation.

Now to the crux of it - are you having any problems? Do your fans work OK?

If not then this is academic anyway. If so, can you list your PC's components so we can review for compatibility issues.
 

jFiveNYC

Reputable
Mar 28, 2014
142
0
4,760


I don't think you're reading my posts all the way through. Just because the header has 4-pins and is stated to offer PWM capabilities, doesn't mean that fact true. It's only SUPPOSED to function as published. And since this is assumed, no one would notice if was operating either way unless measured.

Furthermore, as mentioned that while 5 volts are present on the #4 pin, I cannot verify if the PWM is modulating. The voltage present was verified using my meter, not the pulse widths. If the duty cycle is adjusted, the voltage on the 12V header pin remains constant.

In PWM mode, 12 volts are applied constantly to the header-then to the fan. Regardless of the modulated signal or even the presence of a load on the header. The components inside the fan motor housing are what processes the PWM signal, NOT the motherboard. Which only generates the signal and subsequent differences in modulation as a matter of a requested percentage value or to achieve requested a RPM. Basically acting like a rapid fire on-off switch for current to be allowed to flow across the fan motor coil. You've essentially just said the same thing in my previous post, but I needed to repeat myself so that we know we understand each other. A point was also addressed in a paragraph from my earlier post giving instructions for how to go about measuring the voltage on the #2, 12V pin. You did include something I didn't and that was to list the pinout. Unfortunately I assumed anyone familiar with board level ICs and other SMD components would know the pinout, or at least have the competency to learn or confirm.

As I stated previously, you'd need a scope to see the PWM signal modulating, which I do not own. Modulation, not amplitude, cannot be measured using normal multimeters. This is because the modulation frequency, and variants thereof, is to high to measure for most portable and bench multimeters. And yes, there are some that are a combination of scope and meter. Which is why I inquired if someone has a scope sitting around and the same brand and series of motherboard.

The crux is the issue is that while, as a matter of fact, the CPU_FAN header operates as normal by consistently applying 12 volts and simultaneously generating and manipulating the PWM signal, CPU_OPT & SYS_FANs 1-3 do not operate in this fashion. Ergo, the fault lies in the code or engineering. This is made evident by other users in other forums, and even here, complaining of the exact same issue.

So if only one header has been properly assigned and attributed to the IT8728F visa vie PCB trace manufacturing, BIOS code and chip programming; how would Gigabyte issuing an RMA for in warranty repair accomplish anything?


It is not my intention to be condescending but this issue has left me with no resolve for quite some time. Gigabyte eSupport hasn't escalated my support tickets to someone with the knowledge of this area. They have said yes, then no, then yes again.

What's even more disheartening is that if A) it can be resolved in a retooling and release of a BIOS update, there is not guarantee they will address this issue, it could be quite a while before they do or can; or worse even B) it's a matter of faulty engineering, for which there will likely be no solution. A fault in the hardware engineering would and could not be resolved until the release the next revision of this model/series. But there is a chance it could possibly be rectified by replacing the IT8728F control IC.
 

jFiveNYC

Reputable
Mar 28, 2014
142
0
4,760


I don't know how many times I can say the same thing. Once again if you read the post, you'd know that I have verified the voltage issue using my multimeter, a Fluke 29-Series II . But I need confirmation from another owner-one with an oscilloscope.

p7R860m.png


K2NRizR.jpg


An RMA is not a procedure. it's a control number issued for a piece of merchandise being sent to the manufacturer for a diagnosis to either be repaired or replaced. RMA=Return Merchandise Authorization
 

Deuce65

Honorable
Oct 16, 2013
1,465
0
11,960
This isn't a fault. Or at least, Gigabyte won't consider it a fault, but working as intended. I won't confess to know why, though I assume it is to save money, but most major motherboard manufacturers do this, ASUS, Gigabyte, MSI I know for sure as I have personally tested models from them but I assume others do this as well. The only fan header that is true PWM is the CPU fan header. The CPU OPT, if if exists, is also PWM but not independent, it will simply duplicate the PWM signal that the CPU header uses. ALL the other headers, regardless of pin count, are non PWM unless they specifically state otherwise (and good luck finding one that does). This is why you are reading a variable voltage coming from them, they are using the same method as 3 pin fan headers (variable voltage) to control fan speed. The fourth pin either sends nothing at all, or sends a full 5 volt signal (not varying) depending on the specific model. Either way though the end result is the same. Non PWM fans will operate exactly like they are expected to. PWM fans will operate exactly as they would when getting signal to run at 100% (which is the same as when they get no signal at all), and then receive some lower amount of voltage to reduce their speed.
Unfortunately, Gigabyte won't be able to "fix" this defect in your board because it isn't actually a defect but rather designed to run that way, however stupid that sounds. I suspect their low level techs probably didn't even know what you were asking them when you tried to RMA it. Even more unfortunate is that as far as I know, ALL the motherboard manufacturers do it this way.
 

jFiveNYC

Reputable
Mar 28, 2014
142
0
4,760


Have you used a scope to see if it's simultaneously varying the voltage while simultaneously modulating? If someone has a scope with SMD clips, they could even test this issue at the IC pins.

This is why I asserted that it's a BIOS code error or IC programming/tracing fault. Because if the CPU_FAN is OK, then what's stopping the rest?!?!?!? Fortunately for users, the PWM fans will work in either mode.

The CPU_OPT on my GA-Z87X-UD4H operates just as yours, as a variable voltage fan header. It and the rest may as well be 3-pin headers.

Yes, the people answering their eSupport tickets are not as technically inclined as others within the company. Here's a link to my ticket responses: http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/id-1844569/experiences-pwm-gigabyte-z87-ud4h.html#12986688

At any rate, as you and I have both mentioned that this will need to be solved within a BIOS update or worse, a hardware revision. But I guess since you've found this to be true of the course of time while testing the gamut, it will never be solved. Regardless, I'd like to see someone's findings published herein.
 

Deuce65

Honorable
Oct 16, 2013
1,465
0
11,960
Yes. It does not modulate.
That response you got about the other fan headers being set in the bios, I got that same response a while back from ASUS. It was a different board but the exact same issue with the exact same response, but the person giving it didn't know what they were talking about.
See, there IS a setting in the bios, that is used to turn off the 5 volt signal on the fourth pin. It doesn't actually turn the sys headers into PWN headers, rather what it does is, if you have a non PWM fan attached to the CPU header, it will of course run at full speed since it is getting the full 12 volts. What that setting in the bios does is turn that off, and turns the CPU header into an ordinary non PWM header. So basically it doesn't turn ON PWM on anything, it turns OFF PWM on the one header that has it.
Please note that all of what I just posted does not come directly from them and in some cases contradicts what they say (though they contradict themselves at times too, as you saw). That is what I discovered myself and confirmed with other people having the same issue.

What I find so annoying about all this is how awesome technology can be at times, we have all this computing power at our fingertips, can communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world, etc. but we can't even get a decent fan controller of all things.
 

jFiveNYC

Reputable
Mar 28, 2014
142
0
4,760
Spoke with a senor technician at Gigabyte US in SoCal that had a conversation with the engineers in Taiwan.

THE CPU_FAN IS THE ONLY FAN HEADER WITH PWM CAPABILITIES ON ALL GIGABYTE Z87 MOTHERBOARDS. I then asked him why the hell are there 4-pin headers on the rest, he had no idea and the engineer also had no idea.

So if you're purchasing a Gigabyte GA-Z87-UD4H or any other Gigabyte motherboards on the Intel 8-series Northbridge architecture, the only PWM fan you need to purchase is the fan attached to the CPU_FAN header. Every other fan header only operates by varying the voltage rendering the #4 pin as a constant source of 5V, not a PWM signal.
 

LowVoltage

Honorable
Aug 15, 2013
6
0
10,510


Then why in the world does the BIOS offer "manual PWM slope" settings for the system fans? Crazy.