It won't work. You will most likely get blue screens of death and more. The two MB drivers are different. You can sysprep the OD/hdd and it will most likely work.
To sysprep it before plugging it to new MB to avoid boot BSODs. Do this, go to C:\Windows\System32\Sysprep\sysprep.exe, check 'generalize', select 'OOBE' on drop down menu, and 'Shut down'.
When your PC boots off the new MB, you'll get the 'out of box experience' screen, asking you to create new user account. Just call it anything and after that's done, you can log off and switch to your main user account.
Once you're logged in with your main account, you can safely proceed with deleting the newly made account in Control Panel > User Accounts applet
To clarify what sysprep does, it basicly gets rid of all platform specific data such as drivers and configuration files.
EDIT:
After boot for the first time with new MB, you need to load all the new MB drivers. And video drivers if you use a discreet GPU. And what ever other drivers for whatever other devices you may have and use.