Just to clarify what ariel_ace said and to answer why you had to do a startup repair, when you installed the HDD from the laptop it became the default boot device. This was probably an oversight due to not going straight to the BIOS after plugging it in and confirming that your machine was still booting from it's original drive. Hence, your machine tried to boot from the laptop drive which, of course, had all the wrong drivers, so naturally it tried to repair.
The solution:
Go into your BIOS on next boot and make sure you are booting from the original HDD. Once this is done you can happily boot to Windows and then format the old laptop drive from there as aerial_ace suggested.