The actual used will always be less, sometimes substantially, BUT since vendors do adhere to standards on connectors, the MAXIMUM a card will use will always be no more than:
up to 75W for the PCIe slot, plus up to 75W for each 6-pin PCIe power connector (if any), plus up to 150W for each 8-pin PCIe connector (if any).
For example, the HD7770 has a single 6-pin PCIe power connector, so it will use no more than 150W (it actually maxes out around 80W, just barely enough to need that single 6-pin connector, but if you sized your PSU for the max, you'd be safe).