Nick, there is much work to do before ordering parts.
Disassemble the computer completely.
Find out where the liquid soda went. I
ron124 has given good advice for what was probably/possibly damaged. If the computer was still running when you pulled the plug, there might be some hope.
If the power supply did NOT get wet, then you can do a basic test of it once out of the case and disconnected from the mobo and everything else. Here's the Corsair link for that test; important part is that you want to connect a fan to the PSU before shorting out the pins on the main power cable and do all of that before you plug it in and turn it on.
http://www.corsair.com/en-us/blog/2011/may/testing-your-corsair-power-supply
There are other versions of this test you can find on YouTube.
If the fan spins up, you have basic power. If not, you probably need a power supply.
DORKY1 had the simple version of the next steps.
dry off and then clean off, with a damp rag at first attempt, any of the spill: Check and clean everything. Be sure to check the battery and battery mount area for the CMOS battery (round silver battery). Remove the battery from the mobo and set it aside; you can use it again if you want, but since this is a major clean up might as well get a new one for when you reassemble the PC.
Now I don't know if the following will work on a desk top, but it worked on a laptop soaked in Coca-Cola:
Again, do at your own risk.
Wash everything that got soda on it, except the Hard Drive and CPU, in straight DISTILLED WATER; MUST be distilled water as that is as pure as water gets - it is simply condensed steam and water vapor. All other water will have minerals in it.
NO soap, just the water. Rinse in clean distilled water.
Now the important part: buy enough 97%-99% isopropyl alcohol (the main alcohol in rubbing alcohol, I buy my 99% at Safeway) and THOROUGHLY rinse the wet parts with this alcohol; It will absorb water and then it rather quickly evaporates.
Next: Using a compressor at 40-50PSI or canned air, blow dry everything; get all the wetness you can off the parts.
NOW; let them dry in a warm place for 4-6 days; having a fan blowing on them will help.
BEfore reassembly, blow them off again; see any moisture now, then back to the drying process for another couple days.
CPU: If it did not get any soda under the heat sink and into the processor, that's great. If it did, wipe off the soda, then rinse with distilled water (don't soak it) and then alcohol, blow it off, let it dry.
After everything is dried out reassemble the PC and see if it works. The lap top we saved belonged to my friends son, that was about 7 years ago, his child is using it today. I hope this helps, and I hope this saves your PC>
Best of luck.