Sorry to hear about it breaking :\
I changed a few parts to match your current situation a bit better.
PCPartPicker part list /
Price breakdown by merchant
Motherboard: ASRock B75M-DGS R2.0 Micro ATX LGA1155 Motherboard ($53.50 @ Vuugo)
Memory: G.Skill Ripjaws X Series 8GB (2 x 4GB) DDR3-1600 Memory ($84.11 @ DirectCanada)
Video Card: PowerColor Radeon R9 270 2GB TurboDuo Video Card ($144.99 @ NCIX)
Case: Silverstone PS08B (Black) MicroATX Mid Tower Case ($39.99 @ Memory Express)
Power Supply: EVGA 500W 80+ Bronze Certified ATX Power Supply ($39.99 @ Memory Express)
Total: $362.58
Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available
Compared to your build, the Memory, PSU and graphics card are all better for the same price or less.
I'd like to mention though, the 750ti can be reused in the generic PCs with bad power supplies as it only uses 75w and some even don't need extra power connectors. If you happen to have friends/family with "bad" computers, once you want to upgrade it, you can pass it on
Since you can't overclock with that CPU, the z77 doesn't help you much. I put in a cheaper one that will work just as well.
I think that because of your budget a $70 case wasn't really the best choice personally, that's just me.
I was going to recommend getting a new 1150 CPU/motherboard since you could fit them in your budget, but considering you still have a great CPU, I think it's better to keep using the 2310 for now. Do what upgrades you want to with the savings
(A better psu or case)