If the HSF is improperly mounted, 10 seconds sounds long enough for the CPU to heat up and hit thermal trip. If you have a secondary display, put some hardware monitoring software on it and look at what happens to CPU/GPU temperature during those 10 seconds.
Many things warm up over those 10 seconds... the CPU, CPU VRM on the motherboard, wiring, components inside the PSU, etc. The PSU is usually at the top of the suspect list but CPU/GPU temperatures are much easier to check first.
Of course, there is also the possibility that you are simply trying to push the CPU beyond its stable limit as rhysian said. Beefier cooling (if you do not already have a high-end cooling solution) might help you stabilize 4.5GHz in this case.