Also, one other thing, the only dedicated graphics card brands now are NVIDIA, and AMD.
ATI no longer exists, and was bought by AMD in around 2006 I believe.
AMD used to use the ATI brand as well as the AMD brand, but now all of their new graphics cards are just called AMD Radeon (partner) (model of card here), and for Nvidia it's NVIDIA GTX (partner) (model of card here).
Each graphics brand has partners, who design their own coolers for the card, and then sell it off. You can buy reference design cards, which are made by AMD or Nvidia and don't invlove a partner at all, but they tend to have bad coolers and as in the name, they're just for reference design for their partners.
AMD partners include XFX, Sapphire, ASUS, MSI, GIGABYTE, Powercolour, and a few others.
Nvidia partners include ASUS, GIGABYTE, EVGA, MSI, PNY, and a few others.
The latest AMD cards are the Radeon RX 2XX series (With numbers replacing the Xs), for example the R9 270, or thet R7 260x).
The latest Nvidia cards are the GTX 7XX series, for example the GTX 780. Nvidia also has some very high end workstation graphics cards, such as the GTX Titan.