An adapter isn't necessary per se - you can plug a 3-pin fan into the 4-pin chassis fan headers and they'll work just fine through voltage control. A fan splitter, on the other hand, would be necessary. However, if these are 3-pin fans, depending on their power requirements you might be able to run three fans off one header, but it's not a great idea. Better to get extenders and plug each one into it's own header, or at least limit the number to two on a single header.
If they're PWM fans and jamesellis wants to run them all off a PWM header, Akasa makes a PWM splitter that would work. It's powered from the PSU and controlled from the header. Won't work for 3-pin fans though - they'll just run at 100% all the time.