Does the enclousure rattle or otherwise make a noise when you shake it? My guess is that the drive may have slightly slid off it's control board, and thus can't be read. It's reasonably common amongst external drives. Equally, there might be a problem with the USB cable, the power cord or the control board itself. All of those things are much more fragile and likely to fail than the drive itself. If you have spare cables, try using them, also try connecting it to a different machine to see if that works.
Failing anything else, external drives are literally just a regular drive put in a fancy enclosure and you'll be able to unscrew the plastic, take the drive out and connect it to your machine directly. If the drive won't work across SATA then sadly it is a dead drive (my condolences). If it is still working and you still want it to be an external one then you can buy another enclosure for reasonably cheap and just slot the old drive into it.
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