What are these?

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Mantle: An API developed by AMD to allow developers to optimize their graphics processing to reduce CPU bottlenecking. Only supported by AMD GPUs newer than a certain point. GCN 1.1 or 1.2 maybe?
CUDA: Nvidia's GPU compute API or interface or whatever. Not nearly as popular as...
OpenCL: AMD's GPU compute API/interface/whatever, open source or close enough to it, meaning widely adopted wherever GPU compute is found.
PhysX: Nvidia's physics engine. If you are running only Nvidia cards, you can set one to handle it and take a load off the CPU for better performance.
Direct Compute: Probably referring to GPU computing. GPUs happen to be, by design, really good at doing certain types of calculations that can be run in parallel. People took...

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Mantle: An API developed by AMD to allow developers to optimize their graphics processing to reduce CPU bottlenecking. Only supported by AMD GPUs newer than a certain point. GCN 1.1 or 1.2 maybe?
CUDA: Nvidia's GPU compute API or interface or whatever. Not nearly as popular as...
OpenCL: AMD's GPU compute API/interface/whatever, open source or close enough to it, meaning widely adopted wherever GPU compute is found.
PhysX: Nvidia's physics engine. If you are running only Nvidia cards, you can set one to handle it and take a load off the CPU for better performance.
Direct Compute: Probably referring to GPU computing. GPUs happen to be, by design, really good at doing certain types of calculations that can be run in parallel. People took note of this and with a little prodding of Nvidia and AMD/ATI, APIs and interfaces were developed to allow developers to develop their programs to take advantage of all this usually underutilized computing power.
 
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