New motherboard + CPU + old Windows install = no boot.
Sometimes it works, usually it doesn't.
Clean install.
Do you have the license key? Should be printed on the case, or somewhere in your paperwork.
If so, you can download the relevant Windows ISO from here:
http://www.w7forums.com/threads/official-windows-7-sp1-iso-image-downloads.12325/
Install, and activate with your existing license. If it is an OEM license (and it probably is), that license is tied to the original motherboard. It is completely up to Microsoft as to wwhether to allow that same license to be used with a different motherboard or not.
And yes, the install will wipe out your current data. You should have a backup of anything critical, right?