I think the issue with using a vacuum cleaner isn't the motor portion. It's to do with the potential for esd (static electricity) build up potential which can be created from the air being briskly pulled across the plastic. Think of rubbing a balloon on your hair. It's perfectly safe to vacuum the room the pc is located in. The concern comes from having the nozzle or end of the attachment in such close proximity to the internals. When you're only an inch or two (or couple of centimeters for metric folks) from parts with that sort of esd potential, that's where the problem comes in.
You need to be careful with compressed air canisters also, they can only be used in short bursts before the can freezes up and try to make sure the can stays upright. It's easy to turn the can (and your hand) trying to clean a hard to reach area only to get water misting out of the can. That's one of the reasons for blowing out dust with the pc turned off. Good rule of thumb for dusting fans is to gently hold onto the blades to prevent it from spinning. Soon as air hits a fan the airflow has a tendency to make the fan start moving and can cause bearing damage (since it can spin fans far faster than they were designed to be). If in doubt, try it some time with a fan removed, a fairly limited but sustained air blast and hear it whine like crazy.
If you'd like to use a vacuum, there are esd safe varieties by companies like datavac. Never used one, have no idea how they manage to remain esd free/safe (but that's what they say) and no clue how well they work. There are a lot of reviews that say they're underwhelming on performance and they usually cost quite a bit. Hope this helps.