Whether or not you can recover it depends on the error. First thing to do is run check disk on that computer (http://www.tomshardware.com/faq/id-2080276/run-chkdsk-windows.html)
Try using the advanced startup option (http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-8/windows-startup-settings-safe-mode) and entering safe mode with command prompt. Type in "sfc /scannow". If it detects an error, it will try to recover it. If you cannot enter safe mode, your hard disk is broken or windows corrupted beyond self-repair.
If the above step returns errors or does not fix the issue, you will have to try repair install windows using the install media that came with your system. Make sure to use "repair" or else your data may be lost.
If the disk returns errors in the above step, your disk is most likely broken and will need to be replaced.