This is a common feature of commercial AP controllers. Even very simple ones will tell you which AP they are associated to. It is not so much the IP address you track equipment by mac address but you can get that from the IP address in most cases.
This will not actually tell you exactly where a device is located. You know it is within a couple hundred feet of the AP.
Some of the very high dollar system from companies like cisco or aviya have a triangulation option that can guess better but you still will only get a general area of a building.