depending on the version of windows you're using, you'll see fewer and fewer degrees of success. as mbarnes86 said, there are programs that MIGHT help, but they generally require some advanced computer knowledge to use.
However, there is a saving grace here. Windows 7 and newer can be reinstalled directly over top of an existing install. so if you have a copy of windows 7 or newer and a legal license for them, you can install it on your old hard drive once it is in the new computer. (just don't delete or reformat it) It will move any older windows installations and all their data into a folder called C:\windows.OLD, so even though your programs may not be intact, you can still save all your data.