Are you talking about a desktop? If you had an ATX form factor ASUS motherboard for AMD CPUs, you can pull the motherboard out and replace it with any brand of motherboard for Intel CPUs so long as you keep two things in mind:
1) You'll need a CPU that's compatible with the new motherboard
2) You'll need a motherboard that physically fits -- ATX cases can fit ATX or MicroATX boards, MicroATX boards can't fit ATX boards, and E-ATX cases can fit any of the three (the third being E-ATX sized boards). ITX is a separate story, usually you'd want an ITX board to go with an ITX case to build a super tiny computer so it wouldn't make sense to get an ITX board if you had an ATX, MicroATX, or E-ATX case.
3) Your other components need to have somewhere to go on the new motherboard. For example, if you had two PCI Express x16 cards and the new motherboard offers only one PCI Express x16 slot then you can't run both cards - you could run one, but if you look around you'll probably find another board that offers two. Similarly, if you had 10 hard drives you'd need one that offers 10 SATA ports but if you only have two drives then you probably only care that it offers SATA-III (6Gbps).
If you have the basic gaming computer setup in mind (Motherboard, CPU, RAM, one PCIe x16 GPU, one HDD, one SSD) then you can basically buy any board that supports the CPU and any RAM that works with the board. The only thing worth checking would be that it does support SATA-III (I think all Intel based boards do, but some AMD based ones are in fact that old/cheap). The other variation you'll see is in USB ports, but if all you want to run is a keyboard, mouse, and WiFi dongle then you only need 3 ports. You'd want a 4th to plug in a USB stick to actually install the OS, though.
4) As a particular instance of the 3rd point, ensure that the system memory (RAM) you had in the old motherboard will work in the new motherboard OR replace it with new memory that will work with the new motherboard. For example, if you had a setup using DDR2 and wanted to upgrade to an i7-4790K then you'll need DDR3 and there's no way around that. Similarly, if you want to upgrade to the i7-6700K (Skylake) then you'll need to buy new DDR4 RAM (assuming your "old" board wasn't an X99 with a 6-core Intel i7-5xxx CPU, which is arguably better than the 4-core 6700K; these are the only two platforms that use DDR4, everything else you can buy is DDR3).