There are DATA BACKUPS, including multiple generations for archival as desired and then there are DISASTER RECOVERY BACKUPS. I will concentrate on the later since it sound like what you are asking.
This is made easier if you plan in advance and make your C:=OS+Apps, and say D:=Everything else including personal data.
Then when everything works just right, or before a major update etc, you make an IMAGE BACKUP of C:. Microsoft has something built in but there are also third parties that will do this. An Image Backup copies EVERYTHING including any system stuff, hidden stuff, settings, configurations, boot instructions etc. to one gigantic file on your backup drive. Typically select highest compression so that file will be ~1/3 of the total space taken. Think of this as a SNAPSHOT of your system. I like utility such as Macrium which makes a Recovery Boot Flash right on its menu, because your OS maybe bad enough that is not able to boot, so another Boot Medium is highly helpful. Even if you are able to boot original HD, you will not be able to restore and override some files because they maybe open and locked and prevented from being refreshed. A Boot Flash overrides that restriction.
When something happens and you are not able to resolve the problem, or you have a hardware failure (fix hardware first, replace HD as needed) you pull out your Recovery Flash, Boot from it, and restore the saved image to the Boot HD (or SSD), the result will be like a time machine, you go back EXACTLY to the point when you did the backup, and there will be no doubt things is exactly as it was then.
Of course you maintain your backup file on a separate physical drive other than C: