Alas this is quite common and has no single cause. The problem can be technological problems in the computer or router, an unwitting user error or just happenstance. Here is a short list of troubleshooting steps gleaned from this forum. There is no guarantee that these will help, but they are worth a try. Not all may apply to your situation.
Check your device for a wi-fi button, switch or other airplane-mode-like settings, toggle the setting a few times and observe, until you understand how it works.
Temporarily reposition the device and wireless router very close to each other.
Temporarily turn off your firewall.
Power cycle the router and device, try to re-establish.
Delete the connection on the device and try to re-establish.
Temporarily turn off encryption on the router and reestablish the connection then re-enable encryption with WPA2/AES only.
Try a new encryption passphrase by typing it into a text editor then copy/pasting into the router setup and the device connectoid. No one is immune to typos in complex passwords.
Change the wifi channel on the router from Auto to a fixed number
For 2.4 Ghz choose from among 1, 6, or 11.
Turn off channel bonding by setting channel width to 20MHz only, not 20/40 or auto.
5 GHz Wifi can get interference from 5.8 GHz cordless phones. Try out fixed channels from 36 through 48.
Reinstall the wireless adapter driver or software by getting the latest driver from the manufacturer rather than letting Windows get it for you.
Back up the router settings and update the firmware if available. This should be done anyway.
Restore the router's settings to the factory defaults and reprovision it.