Hey there!
I guess I have to go with the obligatory "you should never, ever store important data on a USB flash drive or an SD card if you don't have it backed up anywhere else", but unfortunately, it seems like you've learned this the hard way.
First, try the SD card with a different card reader/device, to see if the same thing happens. If that doesn't help, try to access it via Ubuntu Live USB/DVD, to see if it's properly recognized and if you can get to your files and recover them. Another option would be to try out data recovery programs like the ones suggested in these links:
http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/forum/id-1644496/lost-data-recovery.html & http://pcsupport.about.com/od/filerecovery/tp/free-file-recovery-programs.htm. And last, but not least, if all else fails - you could go for professional help such as a data recovery company.
Hope that helps. Please let me know how it goes. Good luck!
Boogieman_WD