Intel is making roughly 5% improvements per year. Right now, a Core i5 is the sweet spot for gaming, but an i7 6700 would probably have a bit more longevity - probably 4-5 years vs 5-6 years, if I were to guess, if not longer, because of how much CPU development has slowed down.
Here are your options:
-Haswell-E (socket 2011v3) was released in 2014 in 6 and 8 core variants.
-Broadwell-E (2011v3) was just released, in 6, 8 and 10 core variants. It's about 5% faster per clock, and overclocks about 5% less than Haswell-E. It's currently a bit more expensive, so a lot of people are just buying the 2014 Haswell-E instead.
-Skylake (1151) was released in 2015, and was around a 10% IPC bump over Haswell, and a 5% IPC bump over Broadwell. It overclocks a little better than Haswell, and is available now in 2 and 4 core variants.
-Kaby Lake (1151) is the Skylake refresh planned for either late this year or early next year. It will use the same 14nm process as Skylake, with a slightly tweaked uArch, and probably improve IPC by 0-5%. The big improvement with Kaby Lake will be its greatly improved iGPU.
-Skylake-E (1151v4?) will probably hit sometime mid- to late- 2017 and bring a ~5% improvement over Broadwell-E, along with slightly improved overclocking ability. It will not used socket 2011v3, but rather (presumably) 2011v4.
-CannonLake (1151?) is scheduled ostensibly for late 2017, maybe early 2018. It's expected to essentially be the Kaby Lake architecture, with a few tweaks (maybe a slight 0-5% IPC bump) on Intel's then-to-be-released 10nm process.