MSI Intel Extreme Tuning + i5-4690K = Instant blue screen

Some motherboards do have their own terms for the same thing so it can make it confusing. So long as the changes are being applied to the bios then using intel extreme tuning utility is fine. It's still better than 'auto' overclocking such as selecting 'turbo performance' in the bios offered by the motherboard and allowing it to choose its own presets. Often they raise the core voltage higher than necessary as an attempt to provide a stable (no bsod's) experience. However it results in more voltage than usually necessary and causes higher temps.

Base clock (bclk) is the base speed, for most intel cpu's it's 100mhz. Then a multiplier is applied to achieve a given speed. If you look at your cpu-z image you'll see where it says multiplier x16 (8-39) meaning at that very moment the cpu was running at a multiplier of 16, x16. The parenthesis show the range, it can go as low as x8 (800mhz) or up to x39 (3900mhz or 3.9ghz, same thing).

If you change the base clock then everything else changes. 100mhz x16 = 1600mhz = 1.6ghz. Changing base clock to 105mhz x16 = 1680mhz = 1.68ghz.

Cache ratio is also sometimes call 'uncore ratio' and by default it's a little over the core ratio. It doesn't have to be, it can be the same speed or it can even be slower. Sometimes an overclock that's unsteady will benefit from a lower cache ratio which controls things like the cache overclock and memory bus.

Cpu clock depending how it's used can reference either the base clock (though usually specified) or the frequency/speed of the cpu. Such as what are your cpu clocks? 4.3ghz. A bsod usually means you don't have enough vcore or core voltage to support the overclock. As clock speed goes up voltage has to be supplied. Most people consider 1.3v core voltage (vcore) or less to be safe for 24/7 operation. Usually you'll hit a brick wall where instead of a small increase in core voltage it'll take a hefty amount to get to the next multiplier.

For example, 1.22v 4.4ghz (x44) then 1.24v for 4.5ghz (x45) then 1.31v for 4.6ghz (x46). Suddenly having to jump that far in voltage just to reach 100mhz faster signifies you're reaching the physical limitation of that chip. Each chip is different, some can hit 4.6 at 1.26v others can only reach 4.5 at 1.3v. There's no hard and fast use this multiplier at this voltage to reach this speed and have it work for every cpu. Try to stay at 1.3v or less vcore and try to stay under 75c or so when stress testing. Those figures I mentioned are just made up (though within the realm of possibility) to give an idea.

Once you reach a given target like 4.5ghz, try to back off the vcore a little at a time and stress test the cpu again. Rinse and repeat, if it crashes, go back up a little. For instance, you leave it at x45 (for 4.5ghz) and test it at 1.26v, ok, 1.25v ok, 1.23v, ok, 1.22 and bsod - go back to 1.23v. If using prime95 use version 26.6 (not the latest) and use small fft's for a steady temp. Asus rog realbench is a good overall system stability test. The idea is to push the system a bit, stress different combinations of cpu, memory, gpu etc to make sure it doesn't crash. Then you'll be stable whether surfing forums or playing gtaV.

Here's a pretty in depth guide to overclocking haswell/devil's canyon.
http://www.overclock.net/t/1411077/haswell-overclocking-guide-with-statistics