I'm not understanding why you'd want to do that - as you'd simply have worse performance. Rather than using your laptop + phone data, you'd be using your phone (and it's limited processing power/speed) and a laptop display.
Anyway, it'll depend on the phone & laptop themselves. Most laptops don't have a display input, so I'd suspect you cannot in 99% of cases.
If you simply want a large display for your phone, there are options available (with apps) where you could use a tablet as a replication of your phones screen