Huge Noob Question

Solution
The tdp will be for stock speeds and for the most part, heat given off components is close to actual power usage. You'll see most aftermarket gpus are oc and with custom pcbs, you will see reviews of different cards of the same gpu differ quite a bit. But for guestimation purposes it's fine to stick for what they state for tdp.

There's other things to factor into the headroom so I would say giving headroom for a specific component is unwise. You will complicate things unnecessarily and it's not needed. What's the headroom for and where do the numbers come from? Turbo goes over nominal tdp but that's not the right numbers plus locked cpus still go over. For oc, 10% isn't enough. You'd be factoring in headroom for lower psu usage for...

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You can, but depending on what kind of device this is, it's wise to factor in some headroom.

CPU
For locked CPUs, no headroom necessary.
For overclockable CPUs, give it 10% over the rated TDP.

GPU
Give it 30% over the rated TDP

Most other parts
No headroom necessary

Overall, it's just easier to use a power draw calculator for your whole system. It becomes a little annoying (a lot of small numbers to add up) when you start factoring in hard disks, SSDs, usb devices, and other peripherals. You also need to factor in that a machine tends to draw slightly over TDP in the first second after you hit the power button.

Try the calculator at: http://outervision.com/power-supply-calculator
Just put in the parts you've selected and it'll spit out a recommendation for PSU wattage.
 
The tdp will be for stock speeds and for the most part, heat given off components is close to actual power usage. You'll see most aftermarket gpus are oc and with custom pcbs, you will see reviews of different cards of the same gpu differ quite a bit. But for guestimation purposes it's fine to stick for what they state for tdp.

There's other things to factor into the headroom so I would say giving headroom for a specific component is unwise. You will complicate things unnecessarily and it's not needed. What's the headroom for and where do the numbers come from? Turbo goes over nominal tdp but that's not the right numbers plus locked cpus still go over. For oc, 10% isn't enough. You'd be factoring in headroom for lower psu usage for lifetime, better efficiency and other reasons that doing it at the end is better and simpler.

The inrush current is not slightly over, but it's not a concern to be factored. Also good psus state sustained power and peak power ratings will be higher but you would not be hitting high anyways with proper headroom. The psu calculator is worse if you don't understand what it is telling you. The recommended is actually the minimum and not the best so you still end up without the info you really want. They've updated it to actually recommend exact psus and you'll notice it's higher than what the calculator gives.
 
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