There is no advantages of an open case to anyone but ppl using a test bench who swap out parts in a continuous cycle. Dust is not an issue except for testbench or open desktop designs that aren't running, where falling dust can settle directly onto the components. Dust has a hard time traveling sideways, so desktop towers don't suffer much if any from falling dust as the gpu/cpu coolers and case fans create enough turbulence to keep any falling dust away. If you have a desk fan blowing directly into your tower, well that's a separate issue.
Humidity. Hah, non issue. There's 0 change in water density from air sucked into a case by intake fans, and open air cases. Air is air, it's all the same. So is the humidity.
Case temps vary between cases, airflow and ambient temps, coolers, cpus etc. Cases with crappy airflow tend to run hotter enclosed than if they were open. Cases with good airflow can run cooler enclosed than open. Either can happen easily. Simply too many variables to give a definitive answer to that.