No worries, glad I could help. I'm gonna throw a lot of info at you here in RAM, but it should help sort out the details.
The RAM latency thing depends on a couple of things. The performance is a mixture of speed and latency. Speed is easy to figure out, 2666MHz/3000Mhz/3200Mhz and so on. Latency is a bit trickier. When you look at the details on a stick of RAM they'll list the CAS or CL number, for our purposes the terms are interchangeable, thats the latency of that stick of RAM. Thats where you'll see a stick advertised as DDR4-2666 CAS 15 or DDR4-3000 CAS 16. However just because one stick has a higher CAS number than another doesn't mean its actually slower, because the speed of the RAM also helps determine the overall performance. To give a real metric to determine performance, you want to find out its latency in nanoseconds. Take the CAS rating of the ram, divide it by the speed of the ram and multiply it by 2000. So basically (CAS/Speed)*2000. So for an example,
a stick of 2666mhz CAS 15 RAM has a latency of 11.25ns. (15/2666)*2000=11.25
a stick of 3000Mhz CAS 15 has a latency of 10.6ns. (16/3000)*2000=10.6
So even though the 3000mhz stuff has a higher CAS rating, its actual performance is better than the 2666Mhz. If you were to have two sticks of identical Latency, the one with a higher speed would be the better performing stick. Ex.
DDR4-3200 CAS16 = 10ns
DDR4-3000 CAS15 = 10ns
In this case the DDR4-3200 would win out because it has a speed advantage.
So long story short, the "sweet spot" depends on how much the RAM is going for in your area. Where I live, there's a sizable enough difference in price that DDR4-3200 cas 16 is not worth getting over DDR4-3000 CAS15, but if you compare 2666Mhz and 3000Mhz pricing, the 3000mhz stuff is close enough in price vs performance that it becomes the 'sweet spot". Your area might differ so the 2666Mhz stuff may be the better option. If you apply that (CAS/Speed)*2000 formula to whatever ram you're looking for, you can figure out its NS rating pretty fast and determine whats best for you from there.
Ok now that thats over, cases:
I've only had experience with the Corsair of that listing. The Circle line looks alright, tho in general a bit bigger than the Corsair so they'll be overall a bit bigger and heavier but they all look to have fairly similar layouts. It looks like all of them only support a 120mm rear mounted water cooling option.
Corsair SPEC-03
It has a max CPU cooler height of
Its a little cramped to work in if your doing that water cooler as pictured (personal experience), but its a good case.
Circle CC 830
It has a max CPU cooler height of 155mm
Its going to be taller and thinner than the Corsair. Similar layout except it has drive trays for SSD's which is pretty nice. It has thoes HDD swap docks, which if you use hot swappable drives would be pretty handy, otherwise they'll be a spot for optical drives. It also has a fan controller on the front, which is handy if you need it.
Circle Phoenix
It has a max CPU cooler height of 155mm
I can't find any internal shots of it, so now idea on layout. it has more USB 3.0 front ports and fan controllers, so right off I like that front inputs more on this one.
Circle 821
It has a max CPU cooler height of 155mm
Looks to be a more striped down version of the 830. Very simple layout and simple one of each port front header.
Circle 819
It has a max CPU cooler height of 160mm
Looks to basically be a copy of the Corsair case.
Coolers:
Your going to need something, as your CPU doesn't come with a cooler.
The Cooler Master Hyper 212X / EVO you mentioned have a 158mm height, so you'd have to take that in to consideration. That would take away about half the case options you listed. On top of that, The Hyper 212 series overlaps the 4th RAM slot. So if you fill up all 4 slots of your motherboard with RAM, the RAM must either be under 37mm or you must raise the fan up to compensate for the height of the RAM. This will mean if you have to raise it up more than 2mm, none of the cases you listed will fit. The Ripjaw V you were looking at are 42mm, so if you only use 2 sticks, then you're fine. But if you use a 4 stick kit, you'll have problems with fitting it all in. The Corsair LPX RAM, while a bit more expensive, has a height of I believe 34-355mm.
The Noctua NH D9L is a very low profile cooler at 110mm, so it'll fit all the cases. It also doesn't have any RAM overlap so you can use whatever size RAM you like. The downside is its 92mm fan, so it may be nosier than the 120mm fan that comes with the Coolermaster 212 series. But its also a Noctua fan, and those are generally very quiet fans. Cooling looks good, tho you may not get extreme overclocks on it. But none of those cases will allow for the dual radiator or huge air cooling needed to go to that level.
The Corsair H100i GTX isn't an option with those cases. It's a 2x 120mm (240mm) cooler and those cases only support 120mm coolers.
As for the Cooler Master Sedion 120 V Plus vs the Corsair H80i GT, go with the Corsair H80i GT. Its a thicker rad and a better cooler in general.
PSUs:
If you can, stick to the G2 series. The Corsair VS is a poor series, not sure on the CP but if they're around the same price I wouldn't expect any better quality. As for the 550 vs 650w, if you think you might end up with a more powerful video card or need more juice for the extra sound system parts, then go with 650. Either will do fine so go with what fits your budget.
Motherboard:
Go with the Z170A then, no sense jumping in to more problems if you don't have to.
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