http://www.gamersnexus.net/game-bench/1911-gta-v-cpu-benchmark-4790k-3570k-9590-more
I used PASSMARK, and the i5-4460 is 96% as fast as the i5-3570K (at stock). It's slower frequency, but the newer architecture helps offset this.
Anyway, they use one of the TITAN X GPU's, and max out the graphics. The i7-4790K gets 57FPS, so you would get about 53FPS in the same scenario.
(obviously you don't have a Titan GPU but that's not the important part of this.)
*Even if my numbers are slightly off, I'm pretty convinced your SETTINGS are probably the main issue. Again, you may be maxing out your VRAM. I would suggest TWEAKING the game until you get the desired FPS.
Some settings like anti-alising can drive up the memory usage. You probably have 2GB total and this game maxed-out can use over 6GB.
Summary:
I'll repeat what I said above. IMO upgrading the CPU is really wasting your money. I would put that towards a better GPU instead since most games, including GTA 5, will benefit more from that.
Here's another link: http://www.dsogaming.com/pc-performance-analyses/grand-theft-auto-v-pc-performance-analysis/
"those wishing for constant 60fps with such CPUs will have to simply lower some settings that affect the CPU usage, like population density"
and
"runs surprisingly well even on modern-day dual-core CPUs (provided that HT is enabled),"
So reading through this, and testing things MYSELF I'm going to say flat-out I think you just need to mess with the settings whilst using FRAPS or some other FPS counter.
(Try using ADAPTIVE VSYNC as well if you want which toggles VSYNC on and OFF. That will add some screen tear if you drop below 60FPS on a 60Hz monitor but reduces some stuttering. To do so, just use NVidia CP-> "manage 3D settings"-> "add game"... )
If it was me, then I'd aim for minimal drops below 60FPS (for 144Hz monitors the "Half Adaptive" option to synch to 72FPS is a good choice. I prefer NOT to use VSYNC OFF in most games as I can't stand screen tear.