hmmm, you could try a repair install:
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/16397-repair-install-windows-10-place-upgrade.html but that needs explorer to work.
Otherwise, i would do a reset and see if that fixes windows as something odd going on there. Though if you upgraded and never clean installed, that might be a better idea. Both require you to reinstall all programs again but reset will save files (library folders) and settings
if windows being a pain, use this to copy anything off C you want to keep: http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/windows-vista/use-ubuntu-live-cd-to-backup-files-from-your-dead-windows-computer/
On another PC, download the
Windows 10 media creation tool and use it to make a win 10 installer on USB << probably easier to boot off this even if you doing a reset
Reset:
change boot order so USB is first, hdd second
boot from installer
on screen after languages, choose repair this pc, not install.
choose troubleshoot
choose reset this PC
either save files & settings or wipe it all - both only apply to C drive
after choice, win 10 will restart PC and reinstall win 10
Fresh install:
change boot order so USB is first, hdd second
boot from installer
follow this guide:
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/1950-windows-10-clean-install.html