Thank you, Thor.
I should have asked, what is your current build? My concern being an upgrade will likely leave you needing a new motherboard, ram and OS, on top of the CPU. I'm feeling lazy this morning so I'm going to copy/paste a post I made to someone else's thread. This will give you an idea of prices you can expect to spend. If your budget is $300 for ONLY the CPU but you can spend more on the motherboard and ram, that changes things and you'd be able to grab an i7 6700 (non-k).
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Depending on your budget and when you plan on upgrading, I can offer you difference recommendations. Motherboard-wise, you do not need anything fancy. A cheap $50 motherboard is as good as a $150 motherboard if all you need is 1 PCIe slot for your GPU and 2 slots for ram. We'll assume that you need the basics. It's super unfortunate that so many people were told they need gaming Z series motherboards for their simple CPUs. It's a huge waste of money.
However! If you plan to go with Skylake (6000 series Intel CPU), you can overclock their normally unoverclockable CPUs very easily. All you need to do is a BIOS flash. If this is something you aren't comfortable with, then ignore the following information: http://overclocking.guide/gigabyte-z170-non-k-overclock...
Here are some example builds for you
1) I've only put 1 stick of ram in here to save money, this is the budget overclock option:
PCPartPicker part list / Price breakdown by merchant
CPU: Intel Core i3-6100 3.7GHz Dual-Core Processor ($109.99 @ SuperBiiz)
Motherboard: Gigabyte GA-Z170X-Gaming 3 ATX LGA1151 Motherboard ($139.89 @ OutletPC)
Memory: Crucial 8GB (1 x 8GB) DDR4-2133 Memory ($46.99 @ Newegg)
Total: $296.87
Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available
Generated by PCPartPicker 2017-01-26 22:29 EST-0500
2) Next step is the i5 overclock option w/ 2 sticks of ram:
PCPartPicker part list / Price breakdown by merchant
CPU: Intel Core i5-6400 2.7GHz Quad-Core Processor ($176.49 @ OutletPC)
Motherboard: Gigabyte GA-Z170X-Gaming 3 ATX LGA1151 Motherboard ($139.89 @ OutletPC)
Memory: Team Dark 16GB (2 x 8GB) DDR4-2400 Memory ($84.99 @ Newegg)
Total: $401.37
Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available
Generated by PCPartPicker 2017-01-26 22:30 EST-0500
3) An ultra budget upgrade that will leave you with solid performance gains:
PCPartPicker part list / Price breakdown by merchant
CPU: Intel Core i3-6100 3.7GHz Dual-Core Processor ($109.99 @ SuperBiiz)
Motherboard: Gigabyte GA-H110M-A Micro ATX LGA1151 Motherboard ($53.88 @ OutletPC)
Memory: Crucial 8GB (1 x 8GB) DDR4-2133 Memory ($46.99 @ Newegg)
Total: $210.86
Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available
Generated by PCPartPicker 2017-01-26 22:32 EST-0500
These give you options at $200, $300, and $400.
Expect to pay an additional ~$100 if you go with an i7 6700.