Any half decent usb-to-sata dock or adapter should work just fine.
Possible issues you may have:
1) Low power: you can power a 2.5" drive (laptop size) from the USB bus but a 3.5" drive (desktop size) requires more power then a USB port can provide and thus needs a seperate power adapter (typically 12v 2a)
2) No partition: if you take a brand new hard drive and plug it in (either in dock or motherboards sata port) you wont see anything in my computer/my pc because the drive first needs to be partitioned with disk manager
3) Trying to boot os: depending on motherboard and windows OS you cant boot from an external drive, and even ones that you can it does not perform reliably.
4) Your dock is just defective or low quality.