Which PSU's have the best & fastest-acting overload protection (to prevent smoke & fire)?

Upgrader3

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Jun 29, 2012
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When reading reviews for power supplies, I occasionally come across reports of power supplies beginning to smoke, and even catching fire and flaming, as they fail.

Do some PSU's have much better protections against this than others?

Does buying a low cost PSU put one at significantly greater risk of fire?

Does buying an older, preowned PSU put one at significantly greater risk of fire?
-- Should PSU's older than a certain year be avoided? . If so, about what year would that be?

Among current models, which desktop computer ATX power supplies have the best & fastest-acting overload protection, that will completely shut down the PSU well before severe overheating?

How much do you have to spend to get to the point of "very good protection"?
-- In terms of dollars spent, what is the point of diminishing returns (as far as protection goes)?

To focus this a bit more, say PSU's of 400 to 500 watts, maybe up to 600 watts if I want to allow a greater margin for possible upgrades.
 
Solution


There are two types of reviews: user reviews and professional reviews. I'd ask you with all my heart, never read user reviews for power supplies for any website. Those people are not professionals and they just give it 5 stars for working. Only use professional reviews, from electrical engineers. You'd find reviews on sites like Tomshardware, Kitguru, Jonnyguru, Techpowerup, HardOCP. And usually it's hard to understand what on earth the professionals are talking about without being educated on PSUs, so usually asking on forums is best.

Buy a good quality supply and you won't have any issues.
More expensive doesn't always mean better.
Some affordable alternatives around this size (availability may depend on country):
XFX TS 550
XFX Pro 550
Antec HCG 520
Seasonic S12II 520
Seasonic S12G 550
Rosewill Capstone 550

Other than that, tier 1 or 2 from this list are very good, tier 3 is ok but may not last as long:
http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/id-2547993/psu-tier-list.html
 
There are more than a few mechanisms used to protect a PSU against fire. All of the Tier 3 PSUs or better are perfectly safe regardless of age. Tier 5 PSUs are not safe even new.

There's not much point in asking about the "fastest acting" overload protection. The delays do not necessarily factor into risk of fire, as some PSUs generate much less heat or have a greater thermal mass, and can safely deal with "slower acting" protection. That said, anything Tier 3 or better is safe.

In some cases, price isn't sufficient for determining the quality of a PSU. Check the PSU Tier List for more info:
http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/id-2547993/psu-tier-list.html

Also, the Best Picks article is worth a read:
http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/best-psus,4229.html
 


There are two types of reviews: user reviews and professional reviews. I'd ask you with all my heart, never read user reviews for power supplies for any website. Those people are not professionals and they just give it 5 stars for working. Only use professional reviews, from electrical engineers. You'd find reviews on sites like Tomshardware, Kitguru, Jonnyguru, Techpowerup, HardOCP. And usually it's hard to understand what on earth the professionals are talking about without being educated on PSUs, so usually asking on forums is best.



Definitely. And the only way to know if the protections are working or how good they are is from professional reviews. To be honest, most power supplies usually lack a protection or their protections are just not as good as they should be. But life goes on anyway. But having working protections is something very important, and many power supplies that advertise they have certain protections really don't or they are implemented so very poorly.


If we are to generalize, yes. But there are always exceptions, it's not as simple as cheap = fire.


Only really crappy PSUs should catch fire. If a PSU is old it doesn't necessarily mean it's more likely yo catch fire. A power supply should not catch fire period. Though technically it can happen to even the best if there is some fault. I recommend buying new PSUs usually - there are good new PSUs on the market. I'd if the PC is over $300 get a new PSU.


Well this gets into some complexity. For one thing, remember protections are just one thing out of dozens when it comes to what makes a good or bad PSU. Protections should not be the only thing you look at. The "best" overload protection is debatable but good, working overload protection is one that shuts down the PSU before it damages the computer or burns. If it does that, it works.

There is also a difference in overpower protection and overcurrent protection, which many people group together sometimes as overload protection. Overpower protection is implemented on the primary side of the PSU and takes measurements of powre A ton of PSUs (even a lot from brands like Seasonic) advertise having overcurrent protection but really don't and only have overpower protection.

As for the "fastest" I have no idea. Nobody seems to measure that. It also depends on if you're talking about OCP or OPP. For overcurrent protection looking at the chip's PDF file can tell you the sampling rate.


Uhh that's hard to answer. But just keep in mind there are a ton of performance aspects of PSUs: ripple, voltage regulation, transient response, soldering quality, transient filter, capacitors, heat sinks, fan, the list goes on.



Take "wattage" very lightly. There's no actual quantifiable value that determines what wattage a PSU is, it's mostly marketing. Obviously you can't run like 4 Titan X on a 450W PSU but wattage doesn't tell you too much of anything.
 
Solution
I would recommend a power supply from a reputable brand like XFX, Seasonic, and EVGA brands. I would not recommend skimping on the power supply. As stated above, I would select a Teir 1 or 2 power supply, but not less than Tier 3.

But to answer your question, any quality power supply is going to meet the safety requirements that you mention. That is a requirement of a quality power supply.

I personally prefer Seasonic gold or platinum power supplies. They are well built and last a long time. I have a Seasonc 860 watt that I've had for three or four years, and I've never had an issue. Plus it is extremely quiet.
 

Karadjgne

Titan
Ambassador
To answer one of those questions, you'll need to define 'cheap'. There was a time a few years back when the XFX 550w TS/Pro was on sale at newegg for $25. The CXM 450w has been found for less than $50. Same with the Evga B2 750w. For the quality found in just those 3 units, not to mention the countless times Seasonic M/S 12-II or Antec HCG units have been very inexpensive, 'cheap' is definitely an ambiguous word. Cheap price is one thing, cheap quality is an entirely different matter.

Point of diminishing returns? No such thing. Every psu is different. Different platforms, different components etc so there's no way to compare. Example, the Evga 550 G2 is an excellent unit, has fantastic outputs, impressive build quality, great protection sets but has 1 tiny flaw. Doesn't make it any less of a great unit. Compared to the XFX TS, it's technically a better unit, but that doesn't make the xfx worse, even though it's cheaper. You are going to pay for size and quality, all the way up to the AXi 1500, arguably the best home pc psu there is. And if that's the kind of perfection you demand, then it really doesn't matter that it's more expensive than the 1/2 dozen units that are almost as good.